Two frameworks dominate how Christians interpret Scripture: Covenant Theology and Dispensationalism. Understanding their differences helps us grasp how God has worked throughout redemptive history.
Covenant Theology: One Plan of Redemption
Covenant Theology views the Bible as one unified story of redemption through covenants works, grace, and redemption all fulfilled in Christ. It emphasizes continuity between the Old and New Testaments and the unity of God’s people
Dispensationalism: Distinctions and Dispensations
Dispensationalism divides biblical history into distinct “dispensations” or periods where God tests humanity in different ways. It often maintains a stronger distinction between Israel and the Church.
| Topic | Covenant Theology | Dispensationalism |
| God’s People | One people of God (Church includes Israel) | Israel and Church distinct |
| Covenant Structure | Central to interpretation | Secondary framework |
| Eschatology | Often amillennial or postmillennial | Usually premillennial |
| Law and Gospel | Unified moral law | Different standards by dispensation |
Why It Matters
How we interpret Scripture affects how we read the Old Testament, understand the sacraments, and view Christ’s kingdom.
Conclusion
Both systems seek to honor Scripture, but Covenant Theology best reflects the continuity of God’s redemptive plan centered on Christ.
👉 Read more on Covenant Theology in classic works by John Murray and Herman Witsius at ReformedBooks.org.